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Henrik Drake

Research interest

Geochemistry and stable isotopes in fracture minerals; water-rock interaction and paleohydrogeology

My main interest is to study the geochemistry and stable isotope geochemistry of fracture minerals in order to better understand water-rock interaction and paleohydrogeology in the subsurface environment, in particular in crystalline bedrock. The material used is mainly high-quality drill core material from the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company’s (SKB) site investigations for a deep repository for spent nuclear fuel and from the SKB research test site at Äspö, southeastern Sweden. The studies focus on fracture minerals and wall rock minerals that can reveal information of the formation conditions when the minerals formed.

This information includes temperature, redox, microbial activity, organic input from descending waters and fluid origin (e.g. salinity and trace element chemistry). A step-by-step procedure of analyses is carried out in order to obtain as much information as possible, and these analyses include e.g. SEM-characterization, stable isotopes (mainly C, O, S), strontium isotopes and trace elements. Of special interest is comparison of potentially recently formed fracture minerals (mainly calcite, sulfides and sulfates) with the groundwater chemistry in the same fracture (or fracture zone).

The aim of these investigations is to better understand past and present low-temperature mineral-groundwater interaction and it gives input to the understanding of sub-surface systems (e.g. depth and activity of bacterial sulphate reduction) and trace element partitioning into fracture minerals (especially calcite). I also study past and present redox conditions in sub-surface fractures close to the Greenland ice-sheet. This information about redox conditions is also mainly gained from studying fracture coatings.

SEM-image (upper left) and photographs of an open fracture carrying euhedral calcite.
SEM-image (upper left) and photographs of an open fracture carrying euhedral calcite.

 
Curriculum Vitae - short

Current Position

Postdoc - Environmental Science at Linnaeus University.

Academic degrees

MSc, University of Gothenburg (12/2003), Earth Sciences with specialization in Mineralogy and Petrology.
 
Licentiate, University of Gothenburg (05/2006), Environmental Science with specialization in Geology. Thesis title:  Fracture fillings and red-stained wall rock in the Simpevarp area, SE Sweden.
 
PhD, University of Gothenburg (12/2008), Science with specialization in Geology. Thesis title: Proterozoic to Quaternary Events of Fracture Mineralisation and Oxidation in SE Sweden. ISBN: 978-91-628-7655-5.

Journal review assignments
 

Geochemistry, fracture mineralogy, stable isotope geochemistry etc.

Supervision

Co-supervisor for 2 graduate students: Olga Maskenskaya and Changxun Yu, Linnaeus University

 

List of Publications

Peer-Reviewed Papers

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2007. Paleohydrogeology of the Simpevarp area, southeastern Sweden, as evidenced by stable isotopes in fracture minerals. In: T.D. Bullen & Y. Wang (eds), Water-rock Interaction: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Kunming, China, 31 July - 5 August 2007, Taylor & Francis Ltd, London, UK, pp. 723-726.

Tullborg, E.-L., Drake, H., Sandström, B., 2008, Palaeohydrogeology: A methodology based on fracture mineral studies. Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, 1881-1897.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., Annersten, H., 2008, Red-staining of the wall rock and its influence on the reducing capacity around water conducting fractures. Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, 1898-1920.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2009, Paleohydrogeological events recorded by stable isotopes, fluid inclusions and trace elements in fracture minerals in crystalline rock, Simpevarp area, SE Sweden. Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, 715-732.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., Page, L., 2009, Distinguishing multiple events of fracture mineralisations related to far-field orogenic effects in Paleoproterozoic crystalline rocks, Simpevarp area, SE Sweden. Lithos. v. 110. 37-49.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., MacKenzie, A.B., 2009, Detecting the near surface redox front in crystalline bedrock using fracture mineral distribution, geochemistry and U-series disequilibrium, Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, 1023-1039.

Berger, T., Peltola, P., Drake, H., Åström, M., 2012, Impact of a Fluorine-Rich Granite Intrusion on Levels and Distribution of Fluoride in a Small Boreal Catchment, Aquatic Geochemistry, 1-18.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E-. L., Hogmalm, J., Åström, M., 2012, Trace metal distribution and isotope variations in low-temperature calcite and groundwater in granitoid fractures down to 1 km depth, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 

 

Peer-Reviewed Reports

Drake, H., Sandström, B., Tullborg, E.-L., 2006, Mineralogy and geochemistry of rocks and fracture fillings from Forsmark and Oskarshamn: Compilation of data for SR-Can, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-R-06-109. Stockholm, Sweden. A pdf version can be downloaded from: http://www.skb.se/

Wahlgren, C.-H., Hermanson, J, Forssberg, O., Curtis, P., Triumf, C.-A., Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2006, Geological description of rock domains and deformation zones in the Simpevarp and Laxemar subareas. Preliminary site description Laxemar subarea - version 1.2, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-R-05-69. Stockholm, Sweden. A pdf version can be downloaded from: http://www.skb.se/

Drake H, Tullborg E-L, 2009. Fracture mineralogy Laxemar, Site-descriptive modelling, SDM-Site Laxemar. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, SKB-R-08-99, Stockholm, Sweden.

Wahlgren, C.-H., Curtis, P., Hermanson, J, Forssberg, O., Öhman, J., Drake, H., Triumf, C.-A., Fox, A., LaPointe, P., Mattsson, H., Thunehed, H., 2, Geology Laxemar, Site descriptive modelling, SDM-Site Laxemar, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-R-08-54. Stockholm, Sweden.

Laaksoharju, M., Smellie, J., Tullborg, E.-L., Wallin, B., Drake, H., Gimeno, M., Hallbeck, L., Molinero, J., Waber, N., in press, Bedrock hydrogeochemistry Laxemar, Site descriptive modelling, SDM-Site Laxemar, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company.  SKB R-08-93, Stockholm, Sweden.

Claesson Liljedahl, L., Munier, R., Sandström, B., Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2011, Assessment of fractures classified as non-mineralised in the Sicada database, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB R-11-02, Stockholm, Sweden. A pdf version can be downloaded from: http://www.skb.se/

 

Reports

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2004. Oskarshamn site investigation, Fracture mineralogy and wall rock alteration. Results from drill core KSH01A+B. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-04-250. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2005, Oskarshamn site investigation, Fracture mineralogy and wall rock alteration, results from drill cores KAS04, KA1755A and KLX02. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-05-174. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2006, Oskarshamn site investigation, Mineralogical, chemical and redox features of red-staining adjacent to fractures, Results from drill cores KSH01A+B and KSH03A+B. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-06-01. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2006, Oskarshamn site investigation, Mineralogical, chemical and redox features of red-staining adjacent to fractures, Results from drill core KLX04. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-06-02. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2006, Oskarshamn site investigation, Fracture mineralogy, Results from drill core KSH03A+B. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-06-03. Stockholm, Sweden.
Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2006, Oskarshamn site investigation, Fracture mineralogy of the Götemar granite, Results from drill cores KKR01, KKR02 and KKR03. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-06-04. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2007, Oskarshamn site investigation, Fracture mineralogy. Results from drill cores KLX03, KLX04, KLX06, KLX07A, KLX08 and KLX10A. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-07-74. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Page, L., Tullborg, E.-L., 2007, Oskarshamn site investigation, 40Ar/39Ar ages of fracture minerals, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-07-27. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2008, Oskarshamn site investigation, Mineralogy in water conducting zones. Results from boreholes KLX07A+B and KLX08. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-08-42. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2008, Oskarshamn site investigation, Mineralogy in water conducting zones. Results from boreholes KLX03, KLX04, KLX06, KSH01A+B, KSH02 and KSH03A. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-08-41. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2008, Oskarshamn site investigation, Detecting the near surface redox front in crystalline rock. Results from drill cores KLX09B-G and KLX11B-F. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-08-44. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2008, Oskarshamn site investigation, Fracture mineralogy. Mineralogy in water conducting zones. Results from drill cores KLX13A and KLX17A with additional fracture mineralogical data from drill cores KLX14A, KLX19A, KLX20A and KLX26A. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-08-12. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2008, Oskarshamn site investigation, Fracture mineralogy. Results from drill core KLX15A. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-08-11. Stockholm, Sweden.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2009, Oskarshamn site investigation. Investigations of goethite-bearing fractures in cored boreholes, Laxemar subarea. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-09-15. Stockholm, Sweden.

Hakami, E., Johansson, M., Byegård, J., Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2012, Analysis of core material from the TRUE-1 site, Fracture mineralogy, fracture pore volume geometry and Cs sorption, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-P-11-28. Stockholm, Sweden.

(pdf versions of these documents can be downloaded from: http://www.skb.se)

 

Conference Abstracts

Drake, H., Savolainen, M., Tullborg, E.-L., 2004, Fracture fillings and wall rock alteration - results from borehole KSH01, Simpevarp and KFM01, Forsmark. GFF: The 26th Geological Winter Meeting, Abstract volume, vol. 126, p. 170.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2006, Hydrothermal red-staining adjacent to fractures in granodioritic to dioritic rock, Simpevarp, south-east Sweden, Bulletin Geological Society of Finland: The 27th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, Abstract Volume, Special issue 1, p. 26.

Drake, H., Sandström, B, Page, L., Tullborg, E.-L., 2007, 40Ar/39Ar ages of fracture fillings in crystalline Precambrian bedrock, Sweden, Geophysical Research Abstracts, vol. 9, 02289. SRef-ID:1607-7962/gra/EGU2007-A-02289. (European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2007, Vienna, Austria).

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2008, Detection of the near-surface redox front in crystalline bedrock, Sweden, 33 IGC International Geological Congress Oslo August 6-14th 2008. Abstract number HYH07708L.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2008, Paleohydrogeological evidences from stable isotopes, fluid inclusions and trace elements in fracture minerals in crystalline rock, Simpevarp area, south-eastern Sweden, In: Wahl, N.A. (ed.), Abstract Volume of the 28th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, Aalborg, Denmark, January 7-10, 2008, Aalborg University, Denmark. p. 105.

Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2008, Detection of the near surface redox front in crystalline bedrock., In: Wahl, N.A. (ed.), Abstract Volume of the 28th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, Aalborg, Denmark, January 7-10, 2008, Aalborg University, Denmark. p. 32.

Berger, T., Åström, M., Peltola, P., Drake, H. 2010, High fluoride concentrations in surface water: - example from a catchment in SE Sweden. Abstract Volume of COST Action 637- METEAU 4th International Conference. Kristianstad, Sweden, October 13-15, 2010. 80-81.

Berger T, Peltola P, Drake H, Åström M, 2011, Fluoride Patterns in a Boreal Stream Influenced by Bedrock and Hydrology, Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2011. Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 75 (3). p. 517.

Drake H, Tullborg E-L, Åström M, 2011, Geochemical Correlations of Low-Temperature Calcite and Groundwater in Subsurface Granite Fractures, Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2011. Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 75 (3). p. 780.

Maskenskaya, O., Drake, H., Peltola, P., Åström, M., 2011, Geochemical Variation of Fracture Carbonates in Crystalline Bedrock, p. 1421.

Yu, C., Åström, M., Peltola, P., Drake, H., 2011, Oxidative Weathering of Black Shale: A Long-Term Humidity Cell Test, p. 2231.

Tullborg, E.-L., Drake, H., Suksi, J., Smellie, J., 2011, Studies of Near Surface Redox Transitions in Crystalline Rocks in Sweden and Greenland, p. 2038

Other contributions are included in:

SKB, 2009, Site description of Laxemar at completion of the site investigation phase, SDM-Site Laxemar. SKB-TR-09-01. Stockholm, Sweden. ”Fracture mineralogy from cored borehole data” pp. 119-123. A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from: http://www.skb.se/

Winberg, Anders (editor), 2010, Fault Rock Zones Characterisation - Final report. TRUE-1 Continuation Project, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB TR-10-36, Stockholm, Sweden. pp. 54-63, A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from: http://www.skb.se/

SKB, 2006. Preliminary site description, Laxemar subarea - version 1.2. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-R-06-10. Stockholm, Sweden. pp. 163-167. A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from: http://www.skb.se/

SKB, 2009, Site description of Laxemar at completion of the site investigation phase, SDM-Site Laxemar (Level I), Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. SKB-TR-09-01, Chapter 5, Bedrock geology, sections “Fracture mineralogy from cored borehole data”, “Relative and absolute ages of fracture minerals” and “Distribution of fracture minerals”, Stockholm, Sweden. A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from: http://www.skb.se/